Cultured pearls are produced with a little bit of manual assistance. The farmer opens the shell of the oyster, cuts a small slit in the mantle and inserts a small piece of irritant, such as a grain of sand. The oyster treats it as foreign object and covers it with tons of layers of nacre to create a pearl. Oysters can make pearls in freshwater as well as saltwater. To form cultured pearls in freshwater, you only need to cut a slit in the mantle, eventually nacre is secreted because of this strange object, and a pearl is formed.
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